The second set of buildings were built in 1900. The island's original 3.3 acres were built up with landfill to 27.5 acres to accommodate the more than 12 million arrivals who would pass through in the decades to come, bearing witness to the change from the Irish and German arrivals of the mid-century to new hopefuls from Italy and Eastern Europe. Ellis Island shut its doors as an immigration facility in 1954.

The McCarran Internal Security Act bars immigrants with previous links to communist and fascist organizations from entering the country; Ellis Island is renovated for detainees, transformed into a detention center.

&nbsp;Ellis Island Immigration Center closes after 12 million immigrants passed through its doors since its opening in 1892.&nbsp;

After decades of decay, Ellis Island's main building was restored and refurbished by Beyer Blinder Belle, reopening in 1990 as a museum and historic destination.

Ellis Island has had numerous names throughout its history. Its current iteration was established in the 1770s, when Samuel Ellis became the island's private owner. The Federal Government purchased the island in the early 1800s to fortify its harbor defenses, and when it took over immigration control from the State in 1890, immigrant arrivals were shifted to Ellis Island. The original 1892 wooden structures actually burned down five years after being erected.

Opened January 2, 1892. Completely destroyed by fire on 15 June 1897.  

Where emigrants held for deportation may go in fine weather

Author: Delaware Valley Committee for Democratic Rights

Ellis Island Immigration Station

 Arthur Platt presents the Lower Harbor segment of the tour, beginning with Ellis Island and ending with One Madison Park. 

 Historian Barry Moreno explains Ellis Island's history as an immigration station and eventually a deportation center. He speaks in detail about the immigrants' experience within the building as they were processed through the center, in addition to speaking about how United States immigration laws shaped Ellis Island's role as an immigration station. 

The Washington Monument is an obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate the first U.S. president, General George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and bluestone gneiss, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk.Designed by architect Robert Mills in the 1840s, construction of the stone obelisk began in 1848, halted at half height in 1856, then resumed from 1876-1884. Achieving a height of 555 feet, the Washington Monument surpassed the Cologne Cathedral as the world's tallest structure–but only briefly. In 1889, the Eiffel Tower asserted the new age of metal construction.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>

Washington Monument

The Dutch bought Kioshk as a gift for Michael Reyniersz Pauw, who had helped found New Netherland. When the Dutch settled the area as part of New Netherland, the three islands in Upper New York Bay—Liberty, Black Tom, and Ellis Islands—were given the name Oyster Islands, alluding to the large oyster population nearby. The present-day Ellis Island was thus called "Little Oyster Island". Little Oyster Island was then sold to Captain William Dyre c.?1674, then to Thomas Lloyd on April 23, 1686. The island was then sold several more times, including to Enoch and Mary Story. During colonial times, Little Oyster Island became a popular spot for hosting oyster roasts, picnics, and clambakes because of its rich oyster beds. By the 1760s, Little Oyster Island became a public execution site for pirates, with executions occurring at one tree in particular, the "Gibbet Tree".&nbsp;

Little Oyster Island was acquired by Samuel Ellis, a colonial New Yorker and merchant possibly from Wales, residing at 1 Greenwich St, to build a tavern for local fisherman.

The city deeded that land to the state for public defense purposes. the state allotted $100,000 for fortifications on Bedloe's, Ellis, and Governors Islands, as well as the construction of Castle Garden (now Castle Clinton) along the Battery on Manhattan island. The military conflicts failed to occur, and by 1805, the fort had become rundown

Ceded to the United States for $10,000, used by the military for almost 80 years. In the early 1800s, the young American government realized that Ellis Island, with its clear view of the entrance to New York Harbor, had strategic value as a defense post. Since the British had easily invaded New York with very little resistance during the American Revolution, the protection of New York became a top priority for the new government. Preceding the War of 1812, the United States War Department constructed Fort Gibson (named after Colonel James Gibson who was fatally wounded in the British Siege of Fort Erie) on Ellis Island. Fort Gibson consisted of a barracks for a small garrison, a powder magazine, and a battery of guns located along the island's eastern edge.

 In 1891, the federal government assumed responsibility from the states for regulating immigration through the Immigration Act of 1891, which established the Office of Immigration (later the Bureau of Immigration) to administer immigration affairs. The government also appropriated money to build a new immigrant inspection station on Ellis Island. In 1891, the federal government assumed responsibility from the states for regulating immigration through the Immigration Act of 1891, which established the Office of Immigration (later the Bureau of Immigration) to administer immigration affairs. The government also appropriated money to build a new immigrant inspection station on Ellis Island. 

The Supreme Court rules in favor of New Jersey's claim to the landfilled portion of the island, and New Jersey owns Ellis Island&nbsp;

 Ellis Island is an island that is located in Upper New York Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey, United States. It was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. The island was greatly expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the site of Fort Gibson and later a naval magazine. The island was made part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument in 1965, and has hosted a museum of immigration since 1990. Long considered part of New York, a 1998 United States Supreme Court decision found that most of the island is in New Jersey.[4] The south side of the island, home to the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, is closed to the general public and the object of restoration efforts spearheaded by Save Ellis Island. 

Emigrants coming up the board-walk from the barge, which has taken them off the steamship company's docks, and transported them to Ellis Island. The big building in the background is the new hospital just opened. The ferry-boat seen in the middle of the picture, runs from New York to Ellis Island.  

At Ellis Island, men and women with bundles and suitcases standing on a dock with New York City on the other side of the Hudson River. 

 A man waiting, with others in queue behind him, at the registration desk in the immigration station on Ellis Island; an immigration official is seated at the desk.  

View Southwest North elevation and stack

View North showing South elevation and harbor

View Northeast West and South elevation

View West, East elevation and base of stack

'Welcome to the land of freedom' An ocean steamer passing the Statue of Liberty Scene on the steerage deck 

Ellis Island

America begins in New York:- Kenneth T. Jackson, the Columbia University historian, likes to say. New York's tolerance for or, at least, indifference to diversity spread west to the rest of the country. Embodied by the Statue of Liberty, that philosophy defined America to the rest of the world through accounts that immigrants sent home.In 1830, fewer than one in ten New Yorkers were foreign-born. Within two decades, nearly half were. Yet when the statue was dedicated in 1886 (six years before Ellis Island opened), the only immigrants mentioned were the "illustrious descendants of the French nobility" who had fought on behalf of the United States against Britain during the American Revolution.Her official name was Liberty Enlightening the World, and her donor's agenda was to burnish France's republican roots after the oppressive reign of Napoléon Ill and to foster stronger bonds with America. But it was the words of a fourth-generation American whose father was a wealthy sugar refiner and whose great-great-uncle welcomed George Washington to Newport, Rhode Island, that almost single-handedly-if belatedly- transformed the monumental statue in New York Harbor into a "Motherof Exiles" who beckoned generations of immigrants.Emma Lazarus's "New Colossus," with its memorable appeal to "give me your tired, your poor," was commissioned for a fund-raising campaign to pay for the statue's pedestal. Lazarus accepted the commission begrudgingly - few poets relish the idea of writing on deadline. But she was stirred by a wave of pogroms against Jews in Russia and by her regular visits to poor immigrants housed in temporary shelters on Wards Island. Lazarus wrote the sonnet in 1883, having seen only the torch when it was on display in Madison Square Park."It was a moment of moral and spiritual recovery, after her attempts to raise money to benefit the Russian-Jewish refugees of 1881-82 had largely fallen on deaf ears," said Esther Schor, her biographer and an English professor at Princeton University.The sonnet would survive periodic efforts to excise Lazarus's reference to "wretched refuse" and would become enshrined in the political lexicon in the 1930s as an anthem for Americans who, with war again threatening in Europe, lobbied to reverse immigration quotas imposed a decade earlier.Finally, in 1903, after relentless lobbying by Georgina Schuyler, a friend of Lazarus who was descended from Alexander Hamilton (himself an immigrant), it was affixed on a bronze tablet just inside the entrance to the pedestal. "An ex post facto inscription," as the art historian Marvin Trachtenberg wrote, that would elevate the values of immigration.TEXT FROM SAM ROBERTS &nbsp;101 OBJECTS

In 1883, William Maxwell Evarts and author Constance Cary Harrison asked Lazarus to compose a sonnet for the "Art Loan Fund Exhibition in Aid of the Bartholdi Pedestal Fund for the Statue of Liberty" - an art and literary auction to raise funds for the Statue's pedestal run by the American Committee for the Statue of Liberty. In turn, Lazarus, inspired by her own Sephardic Jewish heritage, her experiences working with refugees on Ward's Island, and the plight of the immigrant, wrote "The New Colossus" on November 2, 1883. After the auction, the sonnet appeared in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World as well as The New York Times. She died in New York City on November 19, 1887, most likely from Hodgkin's lymphoma and was buried in New York City at Congregation Shearith Israel's Beth Olom Cemetery in Cypress Hills, Queens.Lazarus' famous sonnet depicts the Statue as the "Mother of Exiles:" a symbol of immigration and opportunity - symbols associated with the Statue of Liberty today. After its initial popularity however, the sonnet slowly faded from public memory. It was not until 1901, 17 years after Lazarus's death, that Georgina Schuyler, a friend of hers, found a book containing the sonnet in a bookshop and organized a civic effort to resurrect the lost work. Her efforts paid off and in 1903, words from the sonnet were inscribed on a plaque and placed on the inner wall of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. Today, the plaque is on display inside the Statue's pedestal, and an exact replica of the plaque can be found inside the Statue of Liberty Museum.

 An exact replica of this plaque is now located in the Statue of Liberty Museum.  

The New Colossus plaque (Statue of Liberty)

Alexander Hamilton commissioned architect John McComb Jr. to design a Federal style country home on a sprawling 32 acre estate in upper Manhattan. This house was completed in 1802, just two years before Hamilton’s death, and was named “The Grange” after the Hamilton family’s ancestral home in Scotland. The house remained in the family until 1833. Since that time, the Grange has been moved two times, in 1889 to its location at 287 Convent Avenue and most recently to its new home in nearby St. Nicholas Park. The National Park Service manages the site as a National Memorial.

In 2005, The Grange was 250 feet from its original home and hemmed in on three sides by adjacent buildings. Stripped of its porches, with its interior heavily modified, the Grange was far from the “sweet project” that Hamilton envisioned in 1802 – a rural retreat overlooking his New York. A new location was found one block away: St. Nicholas Park, the bucolic refuge at the heart of the vibrant Hamilton Heights community, and part of Hamilton’s original estate. Historic Preservation firm John G. Waite Associates, Architects spent three years investigating the original building fabric, searching for clues of its original appearance and ensuring that the move, new systems, and accessibility features would cause minimal damage to the house. JGWA designed the move and oversaw the construction of a new cellar and basement for mechanical systems and exhibits. &nbsp;

The Grange was finally lifted over the adjacent church and then moved – no ordinary technical feat. It would take three more years to restore the house. JGWA prepared a Historic Furnishings Plan and then determined interior finishes and reproductions of Hamilton’s furniture. Lost interior and exterior features were reconstructed. JGWA also worked with graphic and exhibit designers to develop the basement displays.The use of recycled materials is inherent in preservation, and the Grange is no exception. Brownstone blocks from the 1889 basement were reused for the porch foundation. The 1970s porches were disassembled and reconfigured to recreate the historic porches. Energy- efficient fixtures light the exhibition and service spaces. On the exterior, roof runoff is collected and directed to newly landscaped areas of indigenous plants once found on Hamilton’s property.

Hamilton Grange was the home of Alexander Hamilton, who was the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, and a political philosopher. &nbsp;&nbsp;

The Federal style does not contain an abundance of ornate designs. However, decoration could be found at the entrance. For example, The Grange&amp;rsquo;s entrance contains a leaded fanlight, leaded sidelight, and Doric columns. Altogether, these features would indicate the residence of an important person.       

In 1889, The Grange was moved to make way for the Manhattan Street Grid. As a result, The Grange was repositioned at a new angle and many changes were made including the creation of an entrance through a side window. In subsequent years, the building was even sandwiched between an apartment building and church. To restore The Grange, the National Park Service moved the home to St. Nicholas Park in 2008. After a lengthy restoration process, the home was reopened in 2011.     

The design of the Federal style emphasizes balance and symmetry. This may be seen in the arrangement of windows, chimneys, doors, porches, and balustrades.  

Searching for clues of its original appearance and ensuring that the move, new systems, and accessibility features would cause minimal damage to the house.Four chimney stacks protruding above the Grange. This is purely for design's sake, as two of the home&rsquo;s four chimney stacks are not functional. Two false chimneys were constructed to maintain the symmetry of the home.

To determine interior finishes and reproductions of Hamilton&amp;rsquo;s furniture.&amp;nbsp;  

JGWA designed the move and oversaw the construction of a new cellar and basement for mechanical systems and exhibits  

A structure designed in the Federal style was usually square or rectangle-shaped with a hipped roof. Contrary to the exterior of the building, the interior rooms were often shaped octagonally.The two octagonal rooms, which served as the parlor and dining rooms, are filled with windows on one side each. With the ability to open the doors between the rooms, and open the windows to the outdoors, these rooms would have created a pleasing open-air feeling in the home.

Third (Current) Location

Second Location

First Location

Hamilton Grange National Memorial

The U.S. National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to Americans who served in the armed forces and as civilians during World War II. Consisting of 56 pillars and a pair of arches surrounding a plaza and fountain, it is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on the former site of the Rainbow Pool at the eastern end of the Reflecting Pool, between the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.

 Americans had trained for months to take the beaches in France, but were underprepared for the costly fighting through the hedgerow country in Normandy.  

 The U.S. and British landings at Utah, Omaha, Sword, Gold, and Juno Beaches in Normandy took the Germans by surprise, gaining a foothold on the European mainland.  

 The desperate German counterattack in the winter of 1944-45 made for fierce fighting for men of the 101st Airborne, who were completely surrounded by German troops for a time.  

 Paratroopers dropped in the night before the D-Day landings, securing key positions to hobble German Army's defensive capabilities.  

 American airmen flew dangerous missions to bomb enemy targets such as factories. They faced stiff resistance from Luftwaffe fighters as well as anti-aircraft guns on the ground, taking heavy losses.  

 The Lend-Lease Act allowed the United States to provide material support to European allies without becoming directly involved in the conflict. All that changed when the U.S. declared war on Germany.  

 The World War II Memorial pays tribute to non-combatants in many ways, including this field hospital scene.  

 The December 7, 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor shocked America, and the outraged nation went to war.  

 Symbolizing the end of WWII, American and Soviet soldiers shake hands, sharing victory over Nazi Germany.&amp;nbsp;  

U.S. National World War II Memorial

Originally erected in 1808-1811 as the Southwest Battery for the War of 1812, Castle Clinton was part of the NY Harbor Coastal Fortification system. It was originally located 300 feet offshore and connected to Manhattan via a bridge. The castle itself was converted to administrative headquarters for the Army. Simultaneously, at the end of the war, there was a public movement to build a park in the Battery area.

West Battery was renamed Castle Clinton, its current official name, in honor of New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton (who eventually became Governor of New York). An 1816 proposal to construct two small office buildings at Castle Clinton was canceled due to public opposition, and the castle lay dormant for three years. Even in 1820, it was only being used as a paymaster's quarters and storage area.

The United States Army stopped using the fort in 1821, and it was ceded to the city by an act of Congress in March 1822. By then, the bridge leading to Castle Clinton was frequently used by fishermen who were catching fish from the bridge, which connected to the shore at the foot of Broadway. In 1823 it was ceded to the City, rechristened Castle Gardens and in 1824 an addition of a restaurant and entertainment center was erected. Castle Garden operated as an opera house and theater until 1854.

In 1855, now leased to NY State, Castle Garden opened as an immigration landing depot. During the next 34 years almost 8 million immigrants entered the United States through Castle Garden until scandal led to its closure in 1890. The immigration processing was transferred to federal control and relocated to the Barge Office and then to Ellis Island in 1892.

McKim Mead &amp; White redesigned the building as the New York City Aquarium, opening in 1896.

Demolition of the Aquarium by Robert Moses to make way for a never-built "Brooklyn to Battery Bridge"&nbsp;

It was one of the city's most popular attractions until it closed in 1941, when a vindictive Robert Moses (who had recently been prevented him building the Brooklyn-Battery Bridge), tried to demolish it. Thanks to supporters in the City and Federal Government, the fort became part of the National Park System in 1946 and was saved. The federal government finally obtained the property on July 18, 1950, after the city deeded the land and castle to the federal government. A project to renovate Castle Clinton was announced in 1956 after funding had been secured.

A major rehabilitation took place in the 1970s, and Castle Clinton reopened in 1975. It is currently administered by the National Park Service and is a departure point for visitors to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. In addition, the fort contains a small history exhibit and occasionally hosts concerts. Castle Clinton has largely been restored to its original appearance. The National Park Service restored it in 1986 as the original Castle Clinton. Tickets to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are sold inside the fort.

 Castle Clinton or Fort Clinton, previously known as Castle Garden, is a circular sandstone fort located in Battery Park, in Manhattan, New York City. Built from 1808 to 1811, it was the first American immigration station, predating Ellis Island, where more than 8 million people arrived in the United States from 1855 to 1890. 

The image depicts&amp;nbsp;Castle Garden in Battery Park and docks on the rivers. Brooklyn Bridge under construction is shown in exaggerated scale. 

This is the official image used for the Castle by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER).  

"Castle Clinton National Monument. Remains of War of 1812 fort which later became the famous Castle Garden, theatre and emigrant landing depot, and finally, the New York City Aquarium. Restoration of fort ruins began in October 1950. Work will continue as funds are available. - National Park Service United States Dept. of Interior".  

Left: "Castle Clinton National Monument, Last of a series of forts which, from the Dutch settlement of 1624, guarded lower Manhattan, this structure was built by the United States in the years 1808 to 1811. It was first called 'West Batter,' and was one of the important defenses of New York Haror during the War of 1812 period. Named in honor of Gov. DeWitt Clinton in 1815, in that year it was made Headquarters, U.S. Third Military District. From 1816 to 1820 Gen. Winfield Scott was in command. The Headquarters was removed from Castle Clinton to Governors Island in 1820. National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior". Right: "Castle Clinton National Monument, Ceded to New York City in 1823, Castle Clinton was renamed Castle Garden in 1824. Until 1855 it served as a public center and theater where public figures, including Lafayette, Kossuth, and President Jackson, were received, and artists such as Jenny Lind were presented. From 1855 to 1890, the structure was the nation's principal immigrant depot, with over 7 million immigrants entering its portals - the 'Gateway to the New World.' Between 1896 and 1941 the old structure served as the New York City Aquarium. It was created a national monument in 1950. National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior".

Showing the waterfront, Brooklyn Bridge, with Battery Park and Governors Island in the foreground. &nbsp;

Publisher: Charles Magnus &amp; Company1850–1900

Castle Clinton National Monument 

 Historian Barry Moreno discusses Castle Clinton's varied history, from its years as an immigration station to its decades as a performance space. He describes its brief career as an aquarium, and its near destruction to make room for the Battery Tunnel. 

Colonel William Prescott commanded the Colonial forces (New England militia) at the Battle of Bunker Hill. He oversaw the overnight construction of the redoubt on top of Breed's Hill - where the Bunker Hill Monument now stands. He is effectively considered to have been the commander of the redoubt. When dawn broke and British cannon opened fire on his position, accounts identify Prescott walking on top of the dirt walls of the redoubt, showing the men they had nothing to fear under fire.This over life-sized bronze statue shows him with his sword&mdash;the symbol of command&mdash;in his right hand. With his left hand, he signals his troops to hold their fire, waiting for the enemy to draw nearer. Before the battle, Prescott put aside his heavy uniform coat and tricorn hat in favor of a lightweight coat and shady hat. The cast-off military attire is shown at Prescott`s feet. The statue is the work of the American sculptor William Wetmore Story, who lived in Rome. It was cast there and erected beside the Bunker Hill monument in 1881. Courtesy of Boston Art Commission.

(50 percent killed or wounded), that they were unable to continue their advance. 

Bunker Hill Grounds

Colonel William Prescott statue

The statue was initially called Liberty Enlightening the World and was meant as a gift from France to the United States, celebrating the country&rsquo;s independence. At first, the statue was assembled in pieces, with financing for the project proving to be difficult.The torch-bearing arm was first displayed in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head was exhibited at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.The statue was completed in France in 1884, but money was still needed to complete the pedestal in New York. Eventually, a donations drive spearheaded by publisher Joseph Pulitzer attracted over 100,000 contributions and the pedestal was finished by April 1886.

Even though it was raining, that did not stop the days worth of festivities for the Statue of Liberty's unveiling where over a million people participated. &nbsp;The day began with a long parade from Madison Square to Battery Park. &nbsp;It was considered the largest parade in New York to date. &nbsp;By the time it reached lower Broadway people working along Broadway opened their windows and spontaneously threw the tape from stock tickers onto the street. &nbsp;From there a flotilla of 300 vessels bedecked in red white and blue sailed to Bedloe's Island for the official ceremony. &nbsp;Dignitaries included President Grover Cleveland. &nbsp;Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi himself was supposed to drop the tarp that covered the crown at a signal from one of his assistants who gave the signal too a little too soon and the statue was unveiled in the middle of a speech by Senator William M Evarts. &nbsp;The events were capped off by a fireworks display. &nbsp;

 Cleaned the statue. There was a huge celebration with fireworks 

The statue's internal structure of wrought iron trusses is an early example of the skeleton frame engineered by A. Gustav Eiffel. The frame, which at 151 feet equals the height of a 15-story building, supports the exterior copper "curtain wall" of Liberty's garments.<a href="https://culturenow.org/people/the-skyscraper-museum?name=The_Skyscraper_Museum">[1]</a>&nbsp;Located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, the Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States and is one of the most universal symbols of political freedom and liberty. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886. It became a World Heritage Site in 1984. The island was extensively restored and reopened on July 4, 1986, shortly before the Statue's centennial in October 1986. The island is open to the public.Donated by citizens of France to celebrate Franco-American friendship, the Statue of Liberty is significant for its physical and symbolic characteristics. Richard Morris Hunt prepared the plans for the 89 foot high pedestal; French engineer Alexandre Gustav Eiffel designed the iron framework which supports the copper sheathing. Many consider this frame noteworthy in itself, because of its ability to support an irregularly-shaped structure subject to high winds. Symbolically, the Statue of Liberty reflects the political ideals of the late nineteenth century. It commemorates America's founding principles of liberty, freedom, and opportunity in America for all. More than sixteen million immigrants passed by the Statue of Liberty on the way to the Ellis Island Immigration Station.President Grover Cleveland gave a speech. Mayor Grace presented the freedom of the city. The very first Ticker tape parade followed soon after.A nautical parade began at 12:45 p.m., and President Cleveland embarked on a yacht that took him across the harbor to Bedloe's Island for the dedication. De Lesseps made the first speech, on behalf of the French committee, followed by the chairman of the New York committee, Senator William M. Evarts. A French flag draped across the statue's face was to be lowered to unveil the statue at the close of Evarts's speech, but Bartholdi mistook a pause as the conclusion and let the flag fall prematurely. The ensuing cheers put an end to Evarts's address. President Cleveland spoke next, stating that the statue's "stream of light shall pierce the darkness of ignorance and man's oppression until Liberty enlightens the world". Bartholdi, observed near the dais, was called upon to speak, but he declined. Orator Chauncey M. Depew concluded the speechmaking with a lengthy address.

Summer 1878 Statue's head and plans for completion placed on display at Paris World's Fair, Exposition Universelle.The torch-bearing arm&nbsp;was first displayed&nbsp;in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head&nbsp;was exhibited&nbsp;at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.

Information booth at base of arm and two persons seen at railing below flame of torch.The torch-bearing arm&nbsp;was first displayed&nbsp;in Philadelphia at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the head&nbsp;was exhibited&nbsp;at the Paris World&rsquo;s Fair in 1878.

Statue of Liberty National Monument

 Jean Parker Phifer, NYC architect and author of Public Art New York, reads a selection on the Statue of Liberty, located on Liberty Island in NY Harbor. 

 Historian Barry Moreno details the history of Lady Liberty, from her construction in France to her thousands of tours daily. 

Often referred to as Teddy or his initials T. R., was an American politician, statesman, conservationist, naturalist, historian, and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He previously served as the 25th vice president under William McKinley from March to September 1901, and as the 33rd governor of New York from 1899 to 1900. Having assumed the presidency after McKinley's assassination, Roosevelt emerged as a leader of the Republican Party and became a driving force for anti-trust and Progressive policies. 

Sagamore Hill National Historic Site

Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site

Theodore Roosevelt National Park

President Theodore Roosevelt Burial Site

Theodore Roosevelt

Big-game hunter or big-time conservationist? Cowboy or member of the New York elite? War hero or peacemaker? The first President Roosevelt was all this and more. Learn about his life and times from National Park Service Ranger Mike Amato.

African Burial Ground National Monument

Federal Hall National Memorial

An agency of the United States government that manages all national parks, most national monuments, and other natural, historical, and recreational properties with various title designations. The United States Congress created the agency on August 25, 1916 through the National Park Service Organic Act.In 2020, the NPS employed 12,556 employees who oversaw 423 units, of which 63 were designated national parks.

The celebration of Independence Day has been a long standing tradition in Lower Manhattan from the very first days of the Revolution, and especially following the British military's evacuation in 1783. As the celebration of this most important of American patriotic holidays gravitated uptown to other neighborhoods this and other Lower Manhattan historical traditions gradually faded into relative obscurity and finally ceased to be active by the mid-1970s. Understanding only too well how Lower Manhattan holds a place second to none among the cities and States leading the revolutionary cause for independence and appreciating the wealth of historical monuments and American patriot gravesites concentrated in what is often called the "tip of Manhattan" several of the oldest and most respected historical and military organizations with deep ties to the neighborhood formed the Lower Manhattan Historical Association in 2014 for the purpose of reviving the patriotic traditions so closely associated with our beloved city, offer the multiplicity of our communities as well as our many visitors the opportunity to participate and enhance the sentiments of coexisting plurality and unity that define the ideals of great nation.

Trinity Church and Graveyard

DAR Constitutional Hall

Kowsky Plaza

Battery Park City

Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park

Located on the playground of Public School 89

In front of the Museum of Jewish Heritage. he work is set on the ground at the end of the tree-lined walks at the entrance to Robert F. Wagner, Jr. Park.

Robert F. Wagner Jr. Park, Battery Park

Conrad Hotel

Robert F. Wagner Jr. Park

The park at the tip of the city was re-equipped with a series of public spaces and features such as a spiral walk-through water feature, benches, a kiosk, a fountain, and ornamental gardens, spread out across the park.

National Park Service

SITES

PLAYLISTS CURATED by National Park Service

Podcasts